AND HIS LOT IS AMONG THE SAINTS

On the anniversary of the finding of the honourable relics of the holy Hierarch Philaret (Voznesensky)

Tatyana Senina

THE ANGEL OF THE PHILADELPHIAN CHURCH

    Then shall the righteous man stand in great boldness before the face of such as have afflicted him, and made no account of his labours. When they see it, they shall be troubled with terrible fear, and shall be amazed at the strangeness of his salvation, so far beyond all that they looked for. And they repenting and groaning for anguish of spirit shall say within themselves, This was he, whom we had sometimes in derision, and a proverb of reproach: We fools accounted his life madness, and his end to be without honour. How is he numbered among the children of God, and his lot is among the saints! Therefore have we erred from the way of truth, and the light of righteousness hath not shined unto us, and the sun of righteousness rose not upon us. We wearied ourselves in the way of wickedness and destruction: yea, we have gone through deserts, where there lay no way: but as for the way of the Lord, we have not known it.

 

From the Third Reading for Holy Hierarchs (Wisdom of Solomon 5.1-7)

    The Holy Hierarch Philaret, in the world George Nikolayevich Voznesensky, came from a pious Orthodox family. He was born in the city of Kursk on March 22, 1903. His father was a priest and, later, Archbishop Demetrius of Hailar of the Russian Church Abroad. In 1909 the family of Vladyka Philaret moved to the Far East, and until 1920 the future hierarch lived in Blagoveshchensk, where he finished high school.

 

    This is what Vladyka himself recounted about his childhood in a sermon at his nomination as Bishop of Brisbane.[ii] "There is hardly anything specially worthy of note in my life, in its childhood and young years, except, perhaps, a recollection from my early childhood years, when I as a small child of six or seven years in a childishly nave way loved to 'play service'  I made myself a likeness of a Church vestment and 'served'. And when my parents began to forbid me to do this, Vladyka Evgeny, the Bishop of Blagoveshchensk, after watching this 'service' of mine at home, to their amazement firmly stopped them: 'Leave him, let the boy 'serve' in his own way. It is good that he loves the service of God.'" From this episode it is evident that Vladyka's future lofty ecclesiastical service was as it were foretold in a hidden way already in his childhood.

 

    After finishing high school the future Archpastor moved to Harbin, where he graduated from the Polytechnical institute and received a specialist qualification as an engineer-electrical mechanic. Later, when he was already First Hierarch of the ROCA, he did not forget his friends at the institute. All those who had known him, both at school and in the institute, remembered him as a kind, affectionate comrade. He was distinguished by his great abilities and was always ready to help and helped his fellow pupils a great deal, delivering each one from any "woe" that may have threatened them. After the institute he got a job as a teacher and was known as a good, knowledgeable pedagogue; his pupils loved and valued him. But his instructions for the young people went beyond the bounds of the school programme and penetrated every aspect of human life. Many of his former pupils and colleagues after meeting him retained a high estimate of Vladyka's authority for the rest of their lives.

    Living in the family of a priest and seeing the life and labours of his father, a strict and pious pastor of the Church, the future Vladyka naturally became accustomed, from his early years, to the church and the Divine services. But, as he himself said later, this was at the beginning only an external, haphazardly created habituation to the atmosphere of church life, in which there was "almost nothing deep, inwardly apprehended and consciously accepted". In truth, inward apprehension of the necessity of faith and life in accordance with faith is very important for a man insofar as, without this , perceiving church life in a merely external manner, through the atmosphere in which he lives, a man can later, in changed circumstances, completely lose faith in God.

 

    "But the Lord knows how to touch the human soul!" recalled Vladyka Philaret. "And I undoubtedly see such a caring touch of the Father's right hand in the way in which, during my student years in Harbin, I was struck as if with a thunder-clap by the words of the Hierarch Ignatius Brianchaninov which I read in his works: 'My grave! Why do I forget you? You are waiting for me, waiting, and I will certainly be your inhabitant; why then do I forget you and behave as if the grave were the lot only of other men, and not of myself?' Only he who has lived through this 'spiritual blow', if I can express myself thus, will understand me now! There began to shine before the young student as it were a blinding light, the light of a true, real Christian understanding of life and death, of the meaning of life and the significance of death  and new inner life began Everything secular, everything 'worldly' lost its interest in my eyes, it disappeared somewhere and was replaced by a different content of life. And the final result of this inner change was my acceptance of monasticism"

 

    The holy hierarch accepted the monastic tonsure in 1931. In the same year he completed his studies in Pastoral Theology in Harbin. At this time he had been ordained  he was the priest George. In monasticism he received the name Philaret in honour of Righteous Philaret the Merciful. In 1937 Fr. Philaret was raised to the rank of archimandrite.

 

    "Man thinks much, he dreams about much and he strives for much," the holy hierarch Philaret said in one of his sermons, "and nearly always he achieves nothing in his life. But nobody will escape the Terrible Judgement of Christ. Not in vain did the Wise man once say: 'Remember your last days, and you will not sin to the ages!' If we remember how our earthly life will end and what will be demanded of it after that, we shall always live as a Christian should live. A pupil who is faced with a difficult and critical examination will not forget about it but will remember it all the time and will try to prepare him- or herself for it. But this examination will be terrible because it will be an examination of our whole life, both inner and outer. Moreover, after this examination there will be no re-examination. This is that terrible reply by which the lot of man will be determined for immeasurable eternity Although the Lord Jesus Christ is very merciful, He is also just. Of course, the Spirit of Christ overflows with love, which came down to earth and gave itself completely for the salvation of man. But it will be terrible at the Terrible Judgement for those who will see that they have not made use of the Great Sacrifice of Love incarnate, but have rejected it. Remember your end, man, and you will not sin to the ages."

 

    The first years of the future holy hierarch's monasticism were passed in the usual temptations that are encountered on the path of this life. At first Fr. Philaret was greatly helped by the advice of the then First-Hierarch of the ROCA, Metropolitan Anthony (+1936), with whom Fr. Philaret corresponded for several years. And of course Fr. Philaret tried to draw the answers to his perplexities in the writings of the holy fathers, who from the very beginning instructed him on the path of the spiritual life and who constituted an irreplaceable guide in the absence of living instructors. That Fr. Philaret was brought up in a truly Orthodox spirit precisely through the writings of the holy fathers is evident also from the fact that he later, almost always practically alone, rose up in defence of God's righteousness and Church truth. The saints taught him not to be afraid to be alone in the struggle for the truth, for 'if God is for us, who can be against us?' (Romans 8.31). Fr. Philaret's love for the Word of God was such that he learned by heart all four Gospels, and later, throughout his life, he attempted to construct his sermons on an interpretation of this or that word of the Lord, on the Gospel parables and stories.

 

    In Harbin Fr. Philaret was very active in ecclesiastical and pastoral-preaching work. Already in the first years of his priesthood he attracted many people seeking the spiritual path. The Divine services which he performed with burning faith, and his inspired sermons brought together worshippers and filled the churches. Multitudes pressed to that church in which Fr. Philaret was serving. All sections of the population of Harbin loved him; his name was also known far beyond the boundaries of the Harbin diocese. He was kind, accessible to all those who turned to him. Queues of people thirsting to talk with him stood at the doors of his humble cell; on going to him, people knew that they would receive correct advice, consolation and help.

 

    The holy Hierarch Philaret loved and pitied people. The Lord endowed him with a special gift  the gift of finding the right approach to each person. In his sensitive and compassionate soul Vladyka immediately understood the condition of a man's soul, and, in giving advice, consoled the suffering, strengthened the despondent and cheered up the despairing with an innocent joke. He loved to say: "Do not be despondent, Christian soul! There is no place for despondency in a believer! Look ahead  there is the mercy of God!" People went away from him pacified and strengthened by his strong faith.

 

    Vladyka was generous not only in spiritual, but also in material alms, imitating his protector, the righteous Philaret. Many learned only after his death how much good he had done and how he secretly given help to the needy. Many homeless people turned to him, and he refused help to nobody, except in those cases in which he literally had nothing left, when he would smile guiltily and say: "Nothing, my dear!" But then he would find a way out  and give away the things he was wearing.

 

    Vladyka gave the whole of himself to the service of God and his neighbours. In reading the Holy Scriptures and the works of the holy fathers, he did not see them as something abstract, but as in truth the words of eternal life, which every Christian who wanted to be saved had necessarily to follow in his life. One of his favourite passages of Scripture, which he would often quote, was the words of the Lord from the Apocalypse reproaching the "lukewarm" Christians. Vladyka often emphasised that a man's lukewarmness, his indifference to the truth, is much worse that open opposition to Christ. This, for example, is what he said in his sermon on the Sunday of All Saints:

 

    "The Orthodox Church is now glorifying all those who have pleased God, all the saints.., who accepted the holy word of Christ not as something written somewhere to someone for somebody, but as written to himself; they accepted it, took it as the guide for the whole of their life and fulfilled the commandments of Christ.

 

    " Of course, their life and exploit is for us edification, they are an example for us, but you yourselves know with what examples life is now filled! Do we now see many good examples of the Christian life?!. When you see what is happening in the world, you involuntarily think that a man with a real Orthodox Christian intention is as it were in a desert in the midst of the earth's teeming millions. They all live differently Do you they think about what awaits them? Do they think that Christ has given us commandments, not in order that we should ignore them, but in order that we should try to live as the Church teaches.

 

    ". We have brought forward here one passage from the Apocalypse, in which the Lord says to one of the servers of the Church: 'I know your works: you are neither cold nor hot. Oh if only you were cold or hot!" We must not only be hot, but must at least follow the promptings of the soul and fulfil the law of God.

 

    "But there are those who go against it But if a man is not sleeping spiritually, is not dozing, but is experiencing something spiritual somehow, and if he does not believe in what people are now doing in life, and is sorrowful about this, but is in any case not dozing, not sleeping  there is hope that he will come to the Church. Do we not see quite a few examples of enemies and deniers of God turning to the way of truth. Beginning with the Apostle Paul

 

    "In the Apocalypse the Lord says: 'Oh if only thou wast cold or hot, but since thou art neither cold nor hot (but lukewarm), I will spew thee out of My mouth' This is what the Lord says about those who are indifferent to His holy work. Now, in actual fact, they do not even think about this. What are people now not interested in, what do they not stuff into their heads  but they have forgotten the law of God. Sometimes they say beautiful words. But what can words do when they are from a person of abominable falsehood?! It is necessary to beseech the Lord God that the Lord teach us His holy law, as it behoves us, and teach us to imitate the example of those people have accepted this law, have fulfilled it and have, here on earth, glorified Almighty God."

 

    Following the example of the holy fathers, the holy Hierarch Philaret did not teach others what he himself did not do. He himself, like the saints, whom he called on people to imitate, accepted everything written in the Holy Scriptures and the patristic writings "not as something written somewhere to someone for somebody,", but as a true guide to life.

 

    Vladyka was exceptionally strict with himself and conducted a truly ascetic style of life. He had a rare memory, keeping in his head not only the words of the Gospel and the holy fathers, but also the sorrows and woes of his flock. On meeting people the holy hierarch demonstrated great interest for all sides of their life, he did not need to remember their needs and difficulties  he himself developed the subject of conversation that interested a man, and gave ready replies to the perplexities tormenting him.

 

    In 1931 Manchuria was occupied by the Japanese armies. Fourteen years later the Japanese were succeeded by the communists  in 1945 the Soviet armies defeated the Japanese army; immediately after the Soviet communists the Chinese came to power. In the first days of the "Soviet coup" the Soviet government began to offer Russian emigres the opportunity to take Soviet passports. Their agitation was conducted in a skilful manner, very subtly and cleverly, and the deceived Russian people, exhausted from the hard years of the Japanese occupation during which everything Russian had been suppressed, believed that in the USSR there had now come "complete freedom of religion", and they began to take passports en masse.

    At this time Fr. Philaret was the rector of the church of the holy Iveron icon in Harbin. There came to him a reporter from a Harbin newspaper asking his opinion on the "mercifulness" of the Soviet government in offering the emigres Soviet passports. He expected to hear words of gratitude and admiration from Fr. Philaret, too. "But I replied," recounted Vladyka Philaret, "that I categorically refused to take a passport, since I knew of no "ideological" changes in the Soviet Union, and, in particular, I did not know how Church life was proceeding there. However, I knew a lot about the destruction of churches and the persecution of the clergy and believing laypeople. The person who was questioning me hastened to interrupt the conversation and leave"

 

    Soon Fr. Philaret read in the "Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate" that Lenin was the supreme genius and benefactor of mankind. Father Philaret could not stand this lie and from the ambon of the church he indicated to the believers the whole unrighteousness of this disgraceful affirmation in an ecclesiastical organ, emphasising that Patriarch Alexis (Simansky), as the editor of the JMP, was responsible for this lie. Fr. Philaret's voice sounded alone: none of the clergy supported him, and from the diocesan authorities there came a ban on his preaching from the church ambon, under which ban he remained for quite a long time. Thus, while still a priest, Vladyka was forced to struggle for church righteousness on his own, without finding any understanding amidst his brothers. Practically the whole of the Far Eastern episcopate of the Russian Church Abroad at that time recognised the Moscow Patriarchate, and so Fr. Philaret found himself involuntarily in the jurisdiction of the MP, as a cleric of the Harbin diocese. This was for him exceptionally painful. He never, in whatever parish he served, permitted the commemoration of the atheist authorities during the Divine services, and he never served molebens or pannikhidas on the order of, or to please, the Soviet authorities. But even with such an insistent walling-off from this false church behaviour, his canonical dependence on the MP weighed as a heavy burden on the soul of Fr. Philaret. When the famous campaign for "the opening up of the virgin lands" was declared in the USSR, the former emigres were presented with the opportunity to depart for the Union. To Fr. Philaret's sorrow, his own father, Archbishop Demetrius of Hailar, together with several other Bishops, were repatriated to the USSR. But Fr. Philaret, on his own as before, tirelessly spoke in his flaming sermons about the lie implanted in the MP and in "the country of the soviets" as a whole. Not only in private conversations, but also from the ambon, he explained that going voluntarily to work in a country where communism was being built and religion was being persecuted, was a betrayal of God and the Church. He refused outright to serve molebens for those departing on a journey for those departing for the USSR, insofar as at the foundation of such a prayer lay a prayer for the blessing of a good intention, while the intention to go to the Union was not considered by Fr. Philaret to be good, and he could not lie to God and men. That is how he spoke and acted during his stay in China.

 

    Such a firm and irreconcilable position in relation to the MP and the Soviet authorities could not remain unnoticed. Father Philaret was often summoned for interrogations, at one of which he was even beaten. In the end they tried to kill him: they set fire to the house in which he was living, having first boarded up the doors and windows on the ground floor. It was a terrible fire, and Fr. Philaret was only just able to save himself: he jumped out of a window on the first floor, and incurred serious burns. As a consequence of the interrogations and burns he suffered, for the rest of his life he retained a small, sideways inclination of his head and a certain distortion of the lower part of his face; his vocal chords also suffered. Thus the holy Hierarch Philaret was counted worthy of the lot of the confessors and martyrs for the Faith.

 

    Archimandrite Philaret left China only after almost the whole of his flock had left Harbin.

 

    "While striving to guard my flock from Soviet falsehood and lies," recounted the holy hierarch, "I myself sometimes felt inexpressibly oppressed  to the point that I several times came close to the decision to leave altogether  to cease serving. And I was stopped only by the thought of my flock: how could I leave these little ones? If I went and ceased serving, that would mean that they would have to enter Soviet "service" and hear prayers for the forerunners of the Antichrist  "Lord, preserve them for many years," etc. This stopped me and forced me to carry out my duty to the end.

 

    "And when, finally, with the help of God I managed to extract myself from red China, the first thing I did was turn to the First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad, Metropolitan Anastasy, with a request that he consider me again to be in the jurisdiction of the Russian Church Abroad. Vladyka Metropolitan replied with mercy and love, and immediately blessed me to serve in Hong Kong already as a priest of the Synodal jurisdiction, and pointed out that every church server passing into this jurisdiction from the jurisdiction of Moscow must give a special penitential declaration to the effect that he is sorry about his (albeit involuntary) stay in the Moscow jurisdiction. I did this immediately."

 

    Soon Fr. Philaret flew to Australia and arrived in Sydney. The ruling Archbishop of Australia accepted him with joy and love, and already in the first weeks of Fr. Philaret's stay in Australia began to speak about the possibility of ordaining him as a Bishop. In the soul of Archimandrite Philaret there immediately arose doubts and waverings. In accordance with his profound humility, he considered himself weak and unworthy of such a lofty service. However, the experience of monastic obedience did not allow him to decline from the path to which ecclesiastical authority summoned him. In 1963 he was ordained Bishop of Brisbane, a vicariate of the Australian diocese. In his sermon at his nomination as Bishop Archimandrite Philaret said to the Archpastors who were present:

 

    "Holy Hierarchs of God! I have thought and felt much in these last days, I have reviewed and examined the whole of my life  and I see, on the one hand, a chain of innumerable benefactions from God, and on the other  the countless number of my sins And so raise your hierarchical prayers for my wretchedness in this truly terrible hour of my ordination, that the Lord , the First of Pastors, Who through your holiness is calling me to the height of this service, may not deprive me, the sinful and wretched one, of a place and lot among His chosen ones

 

    "One hierarch-elder, on placing the hierarchical staff in the hands of a newly appointed bishop, said to him: 'Do not be like a milestone on the way, that points out for others the road ahead, but itself remains in its place  Pray also for this, Fathers and Archpastors, that in preaching to others, I myself may not turn out to be an idle slave."

 

    Of course, the humble servant of the Church had not idea at that time that already in the following year he would become First Hierarch of the whole Russian Emigration, and that his name would become known to all the ends of the earth as that of a confessor and champion of the True Orthodox Faith.

 

    In 1964, having been for many years First Hierarch of the ROCA, Metropolitan Anastasy, for reasons of health and age, petitioned the Hierarchical Sobor for his retirement. The question arose who would be the new First Hierarch. Some members of the ROCA wanted to see the holy Hierarch John (Maximovich) as their head, but another part was very opposed to this. Then, to avoid any further aggravation of the situation, and a possible scandal and even schism, the Hierarch John removed his candidacy an suggested making the youngest Hierarch, Bishop Philaret, First Hierarch. This choice was supported by Metropolitan Anastasy: Vladyka Philaret was the youngest by ordination, had mixed little in Church Abroad circles, and had not managed to join any "party". And so, in 1964 Bishop Philaret of Brisbane was elected to the First Hierarchical see by the Hierarchical Sobor of the ROCA.

 

    Truly the hand of God was in this ! Vladyka Philaret administered the Russian Church Abroad for 21 years. Under him many of those pleasing to God were glorified: Righteous John of Kronstadt (in 1964), St. Herman of Alaska (in 1971), Blessed Xenia of St. Petersburg (in 1978) and, finally, in 1981  the Council of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia led by the Royal Martyrs and Patriarch Tikhon. It is worthy of note that until Metropolitan Philaret there was not one glorification of a new saint in the ROCA. This good beginning witnesses, as does Vladyka Philaret's whole activity, to the fact that from the very beginning of his first-hierarchical service he adopted a course aimed at preserving and defending patristic Orthodoxy, understanding that all the formerly Orthodox churches in the world were falling away from the faith, and that true Christians had nothing in common with "Official Orthodoxy", and that therefore they should not wait until one of those sitting on the ancient apostolic cathedras who  alas!  had fallen away from the apostolic confession of the faith, should glorify new saints that had clearly already been glorified by God, but should do it themselves.

 

    Being educated on the teaching of the holy fathers, Vladyka Philaret strove to lead his church along the path of the holy fathers. Unfortunately, he was not sufficiently understood by his episcopal brothers, some of whom absolutely refused to understand his striving. The holy hierarch had a difficult task in front of him, insofar as, on the one hand, it was necessary to lead the Church in the direction of a decisive rejection of the apostasy of "World Orthodoxy", and on the other, to preserve unity between the members of his own Synod. A particularly consistent supporter of rapprochement with World Orthodoxy was Archbishop Anthony of Geneva and Western Europe.[iii] Some Hierarchs made attempts to use the precedents of rare and irregular communion with the "official churches" in the 1930s-50s to justify their striving to preserve communion with the ecumenists, referring, among other things, to the fact that the ROCA had never broken officially with a single one of the churches of "World Orthodoxy". The tacit aim of these Bishops' activity was to attain the recognition by the ROCA of the MP, and to enter into a certain communion with her. But Vladyka Philaret truly became for these lovers of "World Orthodoxy" a stone of stumbling and a stone of temptation. In vain does one of the opponents of his course say today that Metropolitan Philaret "understood nothing" about what the position of the Church Abroad should be, because he lived the whole of his life far from "the great world"  in a word, he was "uneducated", he did not know "the traditions of the Church Abroad"  and for this reason, supposedly, his course was so strongly distinguished from the course of all the other "official churches".[iv] Others hint that he fell under someone's "evil influence". But it seems it would have been correct to say precisely the opposite: the holy Hierarch Philaret received an excellent "education", absorbing the patristic wisdom from his youth and acting under its influence; and the ecclesiastical course that he chose was so distinct from the course of the hierarchs of "World Orthodoxy" because the latter, being the sons of this world, simply trampled on the teaching of the holy fathers and canons of the Church, treating them as "non-existent".

 

    Moreover, the Lord in a clear way demonstrated that the path trodden by the holy Hierarch Philaret was pleasing to Him: in 1982 there was revealed a miracle of the mercy of God  the wonder-working, myrrh-streaming icon of the Iveron-Montreal icon of the Mother of God, which in the course of fifteen years unceasingly emitted myrrh and was hidden from us only in 1997.

 

    While Vladyka Philaret was first-hierarch, ecumenism finally showed its true face  the mask of a terrible heresy uniting in itself all the earlier heresies and striving to engulf Orthodoxy completely, destroying the very concept of the Church of Christ and creating a universal "church" of the antichrist.

 

    As a counterweight to the apostate "Orthodox churches", Metropolitan Philaret strove to strengthen the movement of the True Orthodox Christians throughout the world. Thus in December, 1969, under his leadership, the Synod of the ROCA officially recognised the validity of the ordinations of Bishop Acacius (Pappas)[v] and other hierarchs of the "Florinite" branch of the Greek Old Calendarists[vi], which Metropolitan Anastasy had refused to do before the end of his life. This recognition strengthened the position of the "Florinites", as a result of which the Old Calendarist "Matthewites" also turned to the Synod of the ROCA  in 1971 Metropolitans Callistus of Corinth and Epiphanius of Cyprus arrived in New York with the aim of "establishing spiritual communion for the strengthening of the Sacred struggle for Orthodoxy." Communion was established (although in 1976 the "Matthewites" broke it, to a significant extent because of the increasing numbers of concelebrations with ecumenists in the diocese of Archbishop Anthony of Geneva). This rapprochement with the Greek Old Calendarists went in parallel with a hardening of relations with the "official churches". And it was about time, insofar as the stormy ecumenist activity of the Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras led, in December, 1965, to a mutual "lifting of anathemas" between the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholics, about which declarations were made simultaneously in Rome and Constantinople. Athengoras recognised the Catholics as his "brothers in Christ". Such as flagrantly anti-Orthodox deed on the part of the Ecumenical Patriarch could not leave the holy Hierarch Philaret indifferent. On December 15, 1965 he wrote to Athenagoras, protesting against his actions: "Your gesture puts a sign of equality between error and truth. For centuries all the Orthodox Churches believed with good reasons that it has violated no doctrine of the Holy Ecumenical Councils; whereas the Church of Rome has introduced a number of innovations in its dogmatic teaching. The more such innovations were introduced, the deeper was to become the separation between the East and the West. The doctrinal deviations of Rome in the eleventh century did not yet contain the errors that were added later. Therefore the cancellation of the mutual excommunication of 1054 could have been of meaning at that time, but now it is only evidence of indifference in regard to the most important errors, namely new doctrines foreign to the ancient Church, of which some, having been exposed by St. Mark of Ephesus, were the reason why the Church rejected the Union of Florence No union of the Roman Church with us is possible until it renounces its new doctrines, and no communion in prayer can be restored with it without a decision of all the Churches, which, however, can hardly be possible before the liberation of the Church of Russia which at present has to live in the catacombs A true dialogue implies an exchange of views with a possibility of persuading the participants to attain an agreement. As one can perceive from the Encyclical Ecclesiam Suam, Pope Paul VI understands the dialogue as a plan for our union with Rome with the help of some formula which would, however, leave unaltered its doctrines, and particularly its dogmatic doctrine about the position of the Pope in the Church. However, any compromise with error is foreign to the history of the Orthodox Church and to the essence of the Church. It could not bring a harmony in the confessions of the Faith, but only an illusory outward unity similar to the conciliation of dissident Protestant communities in the ecumenical movement."[vii] Metropolitan Philaret sent a similar address to another leader of the ecumenical movement  the American Archbishop James. However, the apostate hierarchs paid no attention to his exhortations. The ecumenical movement continued to gather speed. The holy Hierarch Philaret looked with sorrow on the falling away from the faith of the once Orthodox Churches. And he called the epistles which he sent to all the hierarchs of the Orthodox Church just that  "Sorrowful Epistles".[viii] In his first Epistle, written in 1969, St. Philaret says that he has decided to turn to all the hierarchs, "some of whom occupy the oldest and most glorious sees", because, in the words of St. Gregory the Theologian, "the truth is betrayed by silence", and it is impossible to keep silent when you see a deviation from the purity of Orthodoxy  after all, every bishop at his ordination gives a promise to keep the Faith and the canons of the holy fathers and defend Orthodoxy from heresies. Vladyka quotes various ecumenist declarations of the World Council of Churches (WCC) and clearly shows, on the basis of the patristic teaching and the canons, that the position of the WCC has nothing in common with Orthodoxy, and consequently the Orthodox Churches must not participate in the work of this council. The holy Hierarch Philaret also emphasises that the voice of the MP is not the voice of the True Russian Church, which in the homeland is persecuted and hides in the catacombs. Vladyka calls on all the Orthodox hierarchs to stand up in defence of the purity of Orthodoxy.

 

    Vladyka Philaret wrote his second "Sorrowful Epistle" on the Sunday of Orthodoxy, 1972. In it he noted that although in the last two years hierarchs had made declarations about the heterodoxy of the ecumenical movement, not one Orthodox Church had declared that it was leaving the WCC. Vladyka placed as the aim of his Second Epistle "to show that abyss of heresy against the very concept of the Church into which all the participants in the ecumenical movement are being drawn". He recalled the threatening prophecy of the Apostle Paul that to those who will not receive "the love of the truth for salvation" the Lord will send "strong delusion, that they should believe a lie. That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness" (II Thessalonians 2.10-12). St. Philaret's third Epistle was devote to the so-called "Thyateira Confession" of Metropolitan Athenagoras, the exarch of the Constantinopolitan Patriarchate in Europe  a document written in a completely heretical spirit, but which did not elicit any reaction from the leaders of the "official churches". Evidently Vladyka Philaret hoped at the beginning that at any rate one of the bishops of "World Orthodoxy" might listen to his words, which is why he addressed them in his epistles as true Archpastors of the Church. Besides, attempts at exhortation corresponded to the apostolic command: "A man that is a heretic after the first and second admonition reject, knowing that he that is such is subverted, and sinneth, being condemned of himself" (Titus 3. 10-11). It was fitting, before accepting an anathema against the apostates, to try and convert them from their error. Alas, no conversion took place, and the ecumenical impiety continued to pour out. Vladyka addressed his word not only to bishops, but also to their flock, untiringly explaining the danger of the new heresy. While telling about the zeal of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, who slapped the face of Arius when he blasphemed against the Son of God, Vladyka said: "O how often we do not have enough of such zeal when it is really necessary to speak for the insulted and trodden-on truth! I want to tell you about one incident that took place not long ago and which it would have been difficult even to imagine several years ago  and now we are going further and further downhill all the time. One man came from Paris and said that the following incident had taken place at a so-called "ecumenical meeting". Of course, you know what ecumenism is; it is the heresy of heresies. It wants to completely wipe out the concept of the Orthodox Church as the guardian of the Truth, and to create some kind of new, strange church. And so there took place this "ecumenical meeting". Present were a so-called Orthodox protopriest from the Paris Theological (more exactly, heretical) Institute, a Jewish rabbi, a pastor and a Catholic priest. At first they sort of prayed, and then began the speeches. And then (forgive me for saying such things from the holy ambon, but I want to show you what we have come to) the Jewish rabbi said that the Lord Jesus Christ was the illegitimate son of a dissolute woman

 

    "But that's not the main horror. The Jewish people has opposed God for a long time - so there's nothing surprising in this. But the horror was that when he said this everyone was silent. Later, a man who had heard this terrible blasphemy asked the "Orthodox" protopriest: "How could you keep silent?" He replied: "I didn't want to offend this Jew." It's wrong to offend a Jew, but to insult the All-Pure Virgin Mary is permitted! Look at the state we have come to! How often does it happen to us all now that we do not have the zeal to stand up, when necessary, in defence of our holy things! The Orthodox cleric must zealously stand up against blasphemy, just as the holy Hierarch Nicholas stopped the mouth of the heretic But now, unfortunately, we have become, as the saying goes, "shamefully indifferent to both the evil and the good". And it is precisely in the soil of this indifference, of a kind of feeling of self-preservation, that the heresy of ecumenism has established itself  as also apostasy, that falling away which is becoming more and more evident Let us remember, brethren, that Christian love embraces all in itself, is compassionate to to all, wishes that all be saved and is sorry for, and merciful to, and love every creature of God; but where it sees a conscious assault on the truth it turns into fiery zeal which cannot bear any such blasphemy And so must it always be, because every Orthodox Christian must always be zealous for God."

 

    At the beginning of the 1970s there arose within the Church Abroad a powerful movement in support of the Soviet dissidents. When the Third All-Emigration Council took place in 1974, a significant part of the participants headed by Archbishop Anthony of Geneva spoke in favour of the ROCA giving unqualified support to the dissidents in spite of their membership in the Moscow Patriarchate and their ecumenist ideology, which was foreign to the spirit and teaching of the ROCA. However, the traditionalists, while giving due respect to the boldness of the dissidents, objected to their recognition, which could lead believers in Russia into error, devaluating the witness of the true catacomb confessors and creating the impression that one could be a true confessor from inside a heretical church organisation. Significantly later, in 1980, after one of the dissident leaders, Fr. Dmitri Dudko, had been "broken" and offered "tele-repentance"[ix] for his "anti-soviet activity", Vladyka Philaret wrote to one liberally-minded priest of the ROCA[x] that it could not be otherwise, insofar as Fr. Dmitri's activity had taken place inside the MP, that is, outside the True Church, "the church of the evil-doers", and therefore the God's help did not come to him. If Fr. Dmitri had joined the True Church, Soviet power would have dealt cruelly with him, but at the same time the Grace of God would have strengthened him for the exploit of true martyrdom. Thus the holy hierarch spoke out already at that time against the now very widespread ideology of "the struggle from within" for the regeneration of the Church, when the "fighters for Orthodoxy" carry on their activity within church organisations that have fallen away from Orthodoxy and that have preserved only the external shell of the True Church. Vladyka Philaret always warned his flock and priests against any communion with the MP, not only in prayer, but also in daily life, emphasising that such an instruction was contained in the Testament of Metropolitan Anastasy.

 

    At the Council of 1974 many voices were heard in favour of the union of the ROCA with the schismatic Paris and American jurisdictions  "in the spirit of love", without emphasising differences of opinion. But these voices were forced to fall silent when Metropolitan Philaret underlined the fact that love which does not wish to trouble one's neighbour by pointing out his error is not love, but hatred[xi], as St. Maximus the Confessor wrote: "I want and pray you to be wholly harsh and implacable with the heretics only in regard to cooperating with them or in any way whatever supporting their deranged belief. For I reckon it misanthropy and a departure from Divine love to lend support to error, that those previously seized by it might be even more greatly corrupted."

 

    After the death in 1976 of the catacomb Archbishop Anthony (Galynsky-Mikhailovsky), the holy Hierarch Philaret accepted under his omophorion fourteen hieromonks of the Catacomb Church who had been left without archpastoral care. Vladyka had a lofty estimate of the exploit of the catacombniks and used to cite the example of the catacomb nuns who refused to carry out the commands of the godless authorities and received for their firmness the miraculous help of God  they did not freeze after several hours in the icy wind which the chekists had put them with the intention of killing them thereby. He used to say: "If the whole multi-million mass of Russian people were to display such faithfulness as these nuns displayed, and refused to obey the robbers who have planted themselves on the Russian people  communism would fall in a moment, for the people would receive the same help from God as miraculously saved the nuns who went to certain death. But as long as the people recognises this power and obeys it, even if with curses in their soul, this power will remain in place."[xii]

 

    Time passed, and it became clearer and clearer that it was impossible for the Orthodox to have any kind of communion with the "churches" of World Orthodoxy, let alone be in them: at the beginning of the 1980s there took place the transition from inter-Christian to inter-religious ecumenism. In 1980 the ecumenical press-service (ENI) declared that the WCC was working out a plan for the union of the all Christian denominations into one new religion. In 1981 in Lima (Peru) an inter-confessional eucharistic service was devised  at a conference during which Protestant and Orthodox representatives in the WCC agreed that the baptism, eucharist and ordination of all the denominations was valid and acceptable. But the greatest scandal was elicited by the Vancouver General Assembly of the WCC in 1983. Present at it were representatives of all existing religions, and it began with a pagan rite performed by the local Indians. Orthodox hierarchs took part in the religious ceremonies together with representatives of all the world's religions.[xiii]

 

    In the same year the Hierarchical Council of the ROCA pronounced an anathema on ecumenism: "To those who attack the Church of Christ by teaching that Christ's Church is divided into so-called 'branches' which differ in doctrine and way of life, or that the Church does not exist visibly, but will be formed in the future when all 'branches' or sects or denominations, and even religions will be united in one body; and who do not distinguish the priesthood and mysteries of the Church from those of the heretics, but say that the baptism and eucharist of heretics is effectual for salvation; therefore to those who knowingly have communion with these aforementioned heretics or advocate, disseminate , or defend their new heresy of Ecumenism under the pretext of brotherly love or the supposed unification of separated Christians, Anathema."

 

    It was obvious against whom this anathema was directed. After all, there are no heresies without heresiarchs, heretics and their practical activity. Therefore all the participants in the ecumenical movement who recognise it to be ecclesiastical and useful are in heresy and are subject to the condemnation of those canons which the Church from of old applied against heretics  that is, to excommunication. Also, those in communion with heretics become participants in the same heresy. Factually speaking, they have already fallen away from the Church, and the anathema only witnesses to the fact that they are outside the Church. The opponents of the break with "World Orthodoxy" said and say much about the "invalidity" of this anathema  to the extent of saying that the hierarchs of the ROCA accepted no anathema at all, but that certain "evil-minded people" simply introduced it into the text of the Acts of the Council. However, this seems improbable: after all, none of the hierarchs later renounced the anathema, none of them said that he had not signed it; the anathematisation of ecumenism was introduced into the Synodicon of the Sunday of the Triumph of Orthodoxy Thus the work of Vladyka's whole life found its highest expression in a historical act having universal significance for the whole Fullness of Orthodoxy  in the official anathematisation of the ecumenical heresy of heresies and the apostates of our age. It is evident that no exhortation directed at the "Orthodox" ecumenists could have any effect, and a very powerful cauterisation was necessary in order to halt the general infection. In one of his sermons Vladyka spoke about those who transgress the teaching of the Church, explaining the significance of the anathema: "the Church declares that they have cut themselves off from communion with the Church, having ceased to listen to her maternal voice. And this is not only for the information of others, so that they should know this, but also for the good of the excommunicates themselves. The Church hopes that this threatening warning, at any rate, will act upon them"

 

    Vladyka Philaret suffered many insults for his activity. It got to the point that a certain archimandrite in the presence of Vladyka declared to the other hierarchs that it was necessary quickly to remove "such an unfitting Metropolitan" However, the holy hierarch paid no attention to such insults, remembering that he would have to give an account to Christ the Chief Shepherd and that of him, as a Bishop, would be asked first of all how he preserved and defended the Orthodox Faith. He showed no partiality before anyone. Thus when in 1970 Archbishop Averky, the former rector of Holy Trinity monastery in Jordanville, who in his views concerning the apostasy of the contemporary world was very close to the holy hierarch Philaret, [xiv] suddenly, in 1970, permitted Monophysite heretics to serve in the community's church ouf of some kind of "pastoral condescension", Vladyka Philaret, on hearing of this, ordered the church to be immediately closed and hallowed as having been defiled by heretics, and also in a letter to Vladyka Averky[xv] pointed out all the anticanonicity of this act, emphasising that it could be justified by no economy and expressing the fear that the faithful children of the ROCA would turn away from her if similar incidents were repeated

 

    In spite of the opposition of individual bishops and clergy, Vladyka was loved by the broad masses of the church people. As during his life in Harbin, the holy hierarch refused nobody help on his becoming First-Hierarch. He took special care over the spiritual enlightenment of the young people, whom he very much loved and by whom he was always surrounded. He taught people true humility and repentance:

 

    "Sometimes people say about themselves: "Oh, I'm very religious, I'm a deep believer,"  and they say this sincerely, thinking that can in actual fact say this about themselves with good reason From the life of the Church we see that those who really had true faith always thought about themselves and their faith in a very humble way, and always considered and were conscious of themselves as being of little faith He who really believes does not trust his faith and sees himself as being of little faith, who in essence does not have the true faith thinks that he believes deeply

 

    "We see a similar 'paradox' in the moral, ethical and spiritual evaluation of a person; righteous men see themselves as sinners, while sinners see themselves as righteous.

 

    " In the soul of a sinner unenlightened by the Grace of God, who does not think about the spiritual life, who does not think about correction, who does not think about how he will answer for himself before God, everything has merged together, and he himself can make out nothing in it; only the all-seeing God sees the pitiful condition of the soul of this man. But he himself does not feel it and does not notice it, and think that he is not that bad, and that the passages in the Gospel that talk about great sinners have no relationship at all to him. Perhaps he does not think of himself as holy, but he supposes that he is not that bad

 

    "Those who were pleasing to God thought of themselves in a completely different way and saw themselves and their spiritual nature in a completely different light. One ascetic wept all the time; his disciple asked him: "Father, what are you weeping about?" "About my sins, my son," he replied. "But what sins can you have? And why do you weep over them so much?" "My son," replied the ascetic, "if I could see my sins as they should be seen, in all their ugliness, I would ask you to weep for my sins together with me." That is how these extraordinary people spoke about themselves. But we, being ordinary people, do not see our sinfulness and do not feel its weight. Hence it turns out as I have just said: a person comes to confession and does not know what to say. One woman arriving for confession just said: "Batyushka, I've forgotten everything." What do you think: if a man has a painful hand or leg or some inner organ, and goes to the doctor, will he forget that he has a pain? So is it with the soul: if it really burns with a feeling of repentance, it will not forget its sins. Of course, not one person can remember all his sins  all to the last one, without exception. But true repentance unfailing demands that a man should be conscious of his sinfulness and feel sincere compunction over it.

 

    "We pray in the Great Fast that the Lord grant us to behold our sins  our sins, and not other people's. But it is necessary to pray about this not only in the Fast, but at all times  to pray that the Lord may teach us to see ourselves as we should and not think about our supposed "righteousness". But we must remember that only the mercy of God can open a man's eyes to his true spiritual condition and in this way place him on the path of true repentance."

 

    It is interesting that Vladyka imitated the Apostles of Christ not only in their pastoral labours and zeal for the faith. He also very much loved fishing, and often went fishing. With this aim he even had a special "fisherman's cassock" into which he changed when he went fishing.

 

    We know of cases of healing through Vladyka's prayers. But if another holy hierarch of the Russian Emigration, Vladyka John, was glorified by a multitude of miracles, of healings and similar signs, the holy hierarch Philaret was in this respect more "unnoticed"; the Lord counted him worthy of another gift  that of standing for ecclesiastical righteousness, of reproaching the impiety of the apostates of our age and of calling on all the faithful who really wish, not in words but in deeds, to be Orthodoxy, to turn away from the new heresy of ecumenism and from communion with the false Orthodox. The Apostle Paul says: "But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal. For to one is given wisdom; to another the word of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge by the same Spirit; to another faith by the same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing by the same Spirit; to another the working of miracles And God hath set some in the Church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healing, helps, governments, diversities of tongues" (I Corinthians 12.7-10, 28). And in truth the Lord gave to the holy hierarch Philaret flaming faith, the word of wisdom and reason to confirm it, and placed him as an apostle and teacher of His Church.

 

    Throughout his life the holy hierarch Philaret was a fighter for the truth and called on Christians to love the truth, to value it, to defend it and to place nothing in life higher than it. "The distinguishing characteristic of our time," he used to say, "is that people are now more and more possessed by indifference to the Divine truth. Many beautiful words are spoken, but in fact  in reality  people are completely indifferent to the truth. Such indifference was once displayed by Pilate, when the Lord stood before him at his trial. Before Pilate stood the Truth Himself, but he sceptically declared: "What is truth?"  that is, does it exist? And if it does, then it is a long way from us, and perhaps does not exist. And with complete indifference he turned away from Him Who announced the truth to him, Who was the Truth Himself. And now people have become similarly indifferent. You have probably more than once heard supposedly Christian words about the union of all into one faith, into one religion. But remember that what lies behind this is precisely indifference to the truth. If the truth were dear to a man, he would never go on this path. It is precisely because the truth is of little interest to everyone, and they simply want somehow to make simpler and more convenient arrangements in matters of the faith, too, that they say: 'Everyone must unite'

 

    "Brethren, we must fear this indifference to the truth. Our Lord Jesus Christ in the Apocalypse clearly indicates to us how terrible indifference to the truth is. There he turns to the Angel standing at the head of the Laodicean Church and says: 'I know thy works. Thou art neither cold nor hot. Oh if only thou wast hot or cold! But since thou art neither cold nor hot (but lukewarm  neither the one nor the other, the truth is not dear to thee), I will spue thee from My mouth!' As an organism cast out of itself something which is absolutely repulsive and harmful to it.

 

    "Let us remember that this indifference to the truth is one of the main woes of our age of apostasies. Value the truth, O man! Be a fighter for the truth Place the truth higher than all else in life, O man, and never allow yourself to decline in any way from the true path.

 

    " There are now many attacks on the Church Abroad. Not one Church is reviled as much today. And the servers of other Churches are not revile as much as the servants of the Church Abroad. What does this mean? This is the most reliable sign that our Church stands in the truth, and therefore every lie, every unrighteousness has taken up arms against her in war She stands in the truth and preaches this truth, announces it and defends it  hence all these attacks on her.

 

    "Let us remember and value the fact that you and I belong to the Holy Church, which in no way sins against the truth, but contains it in such a way as our Lord Jesus Christ and the holy apostles commanded. Amen."

 

    The holy hierarch Philaret always used to say that Christians who are indifferent to the truth are precisely those who are called the Laodicean Church in the Apocalypse, who think: "I am rich, and increased in goods, and have need of nothing" (Rev. 3.17), and who, if they do not repent and acquire zeal for the Truth, will be cast out of the Heavenly Kingdom as being offensive to the Lord. It seems that we can compare Vladyka Philaret himself with the Angel of the Philadelphian Church, of whom it is said in the Apocalypse: "And to the Angel of the Church in Philadelphia write: These things saith He that is holy, He that is true, He that hath the key of David, He that openeth, and no man shutteth, and shutteth, and no man openeth: I know thy works: behold, I have set an open door before thee, and no man can shut it: for thou hast a little strength, and has kept My word, and hast not denied My name Because thou hast kept the word of My patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth. Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown" (Rev. 3.7-8, 10-12). In truth, the Lord opened before Vladyka a door for preaching and reproaching the apostates of this age, and no one was able to shut this door. Vladyka "had a little strength"  he did not have a multitude of helpers and those who thought as he did; and although he always insisted on the complete cessation of concelebrations with clerics and bishops of ecumenist "Orthodox" churches, nevertheless he did not have enough strength completely to attain this end  in the West European diocese such concelebrations continued. However, there can be no doubt that Vladyka Philaret's inestimable merit consists in the fact that he did not allow all the Church as a whole to go along "the path of compromise" between Orthodoxy and ecumenism. The holy hierarch Philaret kept the word of the Lord and did not reject His name and the true Orthodox confession before the face of the falling away into ecumenism of the majority of the Orthodox hierarchs, which already in itself was a wonderful example of firmness and determination  after all, we know that bad examples are infectious, that "evil conversation corrupts good manners", and that when there is nobody around you who really cares for Orthodoxy it becomes very difficult to stand in the truth Vladyka "kept what he had"  Orthodoxy, and was not deprived of his crown: the Lord made him one of the pillars in His Heavenly Church and "a pillar of fire and a pillar of cloud" showing the way to all the Orthodox living upon the earth.

 

    "The confessor of Orthodoxy and defender of the Church of Christ from the heresy of heresies, Metropolitan Philaret, passed away to the Lord on November 8/21, 1985, on the day of the Chief Captain of God Michael  the warrior against the very first heresy since the creation of the world, as a result of which a part of the angels fell away from the Grace of God and became demons 14 years have passed since them And looking at the path that the Church Abroad has trodden since the day of the death of the holy hierarch Philaret until the day on which his honourable incorrupt relics were revealed to the world (October 28 / November 10, 1998), one wants to ask the question: have we remained faithful to the teaching of St. Philaret, are we continuing to go along his confessing path?

 

    Vladyka struggled for the whole of his life for the purity of Orthodoxy, and this struggle led to the proclamation in 1983 by a Council of the ROCA of the anathema against the ecumenist heresy, under which anathema all the hierarchs of "World Orthodoxy" fall, with whom now, according to the Church canons, it is no longer possible to have any communion in prayer. However, from 1987 a very strange interpretation of the anathema of 1983 began to be implanted, according to which this anathema supposedly has no universal significance, but is applicable only to members of the ROCA who hold ecumenist views. This interpretation implies that the Local churches that participate in ecumenism have not yet fallen under anathema, and consequently cannot be called graceless, whence the possibility exists of there being salvation among them, and concelebrations with them are permitted, and negotiations with them "in the spirit of love" are necessary, and similar anti-Orthodox conclusions. Therefore many children of the Church, striving to remain faithful to the teaching of St. Philaret, have not accepted this strange interpretation.

    As a result, a sad division has taken place in the Church Abroad: almost three tenths of the clergy in America, and also about a tenth of the parishes in France have left the ROCA and joined the Greek Old Calendarists.

 

    Vladyka Philaret strove to support the newly converted Americans who were seeking True Orthodoxy. But now we more and more often hear that all "converts" are simply extremists who have no place in the ROCA  the Church of Russian emigres.

 

    Vladyka Philaret had great respect for the archpastors of the Catacomb Church and strove to give the Russian catacombniks every kind of help and support. However, in 1990 Vladyka Lazarus (Zhurbenko) declared that Vladyka Anthony (Galynsky-Mikhailovsky) was not a canonical catacomb Bishop, and that all the ordinations carried out by him were invalid. As a result of this, a part of the catacombniks shunned the Church Abroad: many of them were very distrustful of Archbishop Lazarus, while Archbishop Anthony was revered as a great confessor and saint. The moving of parishes from the MP into the jurisdiction of the Hierarchical Synod of the ROCA, which began in 1990, instilled the hope in the zealots of Orthodoxy that the situation both in the ROCA itself and in the Russian Church as a whole would be corrected.[xvi] However, as "negotiations in the spirit of love" have developed between some hierarchs and clergy of the ROCA and hierarchs of the MP, distrust towards the priestly leadership of the Russian Church Abroad has begun to appear in a part of the True Orthodox Christians of Russia

 

    Metropolitan Philaret tried by all means to secure the cessation of concelebrations with members of the ecumenist churches. Especially after the proclamation of the anathema of 1983, similar concelebrations can no longer be permitted. But they continue to take place periodically, especially with clergy and hierarchs of the Serbian Patriarchate, and this, it seems, is no longer considered disgraceful. What would the holy hierarch Philaret have said about concelebrations with a Serbian hierarch-ecumenist in the cathedral in San Francisco where the relics of the warrior for True Orthodoxy, the holy hierarch and wonderworker John, repose?..